Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Colon/drug effects , Colon/pathology , Colon/diagnostic imaging , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy , Fatty Liver/etiology , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Hepatectomy , Humans , Leucovorin/administration & dosage , Leucovorin/adverse effects , Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , Liver Failure, Acute/therapy , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Metastasectomy , Middle Aged , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage , Organoplatinum Compounds/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tumor BurdenABSTRACT
Though sufferers of perennial allergic rhinitis do not die from their ailment, they endure years of chronic nose disease that Interferes with many important aspects of their lives. A rhinitis-specific instrument to gauge the quality of life of patients with this disease was published in 1991. Here, we validated the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) for use in English-speaking patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. We established that the RQLQ distinguishes between patients and control, demonstrates internal consistency and is sensitive to change. This study suggests that the RQLQ can be used to assess the quality of life of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis in Singapore.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Discriminant Analysis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Humans , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology , SingaporeABSTRACT
Estradiol receptors (ER) in mammary glands of female Holtzman rats, either intact or neonatally pinealectomised and housed in 10:14 or 24:0 L:D (light:dark) schedule were studied at 30, 40, 50 +/- 5 and 65 +/- 5 days of age. Whereas ER were detectable only at the age of 60-65 days in intact rats housed in 10:14 L:D, they were present as early as 30 days onwards in the pineal ablated group. In the 24:0 L:D pinealectomised group, though mammary gland ER were maximum around 40 days of age and temporarily undetectable around day 50, they had stabilized around the age of 60-65 days. The data demonstrates for the first time, the modulation of ER in rat mammary glands in response to varying photoperiods as well as pineal ablation. Earlier reports on incidence of chemically induced mammary tumours have been compared to the receptor modulation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Light , Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism , Pineal Gland/physiology , Rats , Receptors, Estradiol/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolismABSTRACT
Epidemiological survey suggests that longer exposure of the breast to sex steroids may be one of the factors involved in increased risk for cancer. Using an experimental model of bilaterally hysterectomised rats, the sex steroid receptors in the mammary glands during growth as well as incidence and hormonal characteristics of chemically induced mammary tumors have been studied. Though steroid receptors were detectable in the mammary glands of the model earlier than in intact rats, the incidence or hormone dependency of the mammary tumors in the two groups were not considerably altered.